Nature Profile

Birds

Barred Owl

Strix varia

Voice: 8–9 notes, described as “Who cooks for you? Who cooks for you-all?” Traditionally known as the “swamp owl,” the barred owl is an inhabitant unbroken oldgrowth wet forests. Barred owls don’t migrate or move from their old forest growth habitat with plenty of cavity trees near swamps, streams and lakes. The dominate trees of the barred owls habitat include hemlock (tsuga), maple (acer), oak (quercus), hickory (carya), sycamore (platanus) and beech (fagus). Barred owls are primarily nocturnal. Their flying wing beats are slow with occasional glides. Their soft feathers and serrated edge outer wing feathers enable them to minimize noise and surprise their prey. Prey includes small animals, including birds, amphibians, reptiles, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, voles, rabbits and invertebrates. Barred owls even wade in shallow water in pursuit crayfish or fish. They swallow small prey whole and eat large prey by tearing it into pieces, eating the head first and then the body. Breeding season begins in late December in the south to mid-march in the north. However barred owls may scout a nest site as early as a year before using it. They usually nest in a natural cavity 20–40 feet high in a tree. On occasion they will use abandon nests of squirrels and large birds such as hawks or crows. Cavities nests are unlined and measure 10–13 inches wide and 14–21 inches deep. Non cavity nest maybe flattened and lined with lichen and fresh conifer shoots. Female barred owls incubate 2-3 smooth white eggs for 22-33 days. Young hatchlings have no sight until 7 days. Nestlings are tended to by both parents. Young leave the nest at 4-5 weeks. Until the six week when the young can fly they climb trees by grasping on the bark with their bill and talons, flap their wings and walking their way up trunks. Parents care for their young beyond 4 months. Barred owl populations have increased 1.7 percent per year between 1966 and 2010, according to the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Since barred owls are forest birds, they are often used as indicator species for managing old forest. They need large trees for nest sites which make them sensitive to logging and development. Besides humans, great horned owls are the most serious predatory threat to the barred owls.

Best Location to View: Old Valley Trail, Pierson’s Creek Loop, Woodland Trail

Color: Brown, Gray

Range: Canada, North America

Size: Medium

Wingspan: Large

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